From the Great Wall to the Pyramids - 1154 Words

From the Great Wall to the Pyramids The Great Wall of China and the Egyptian Pyramids are both Manmade Wonders of the World and belong to two of the oldest civilizations. Ancient Egypt and ancient China both have history that date back over 4,000 years ago, and though the two civilizations co-existed simultaneously with one another, there were little contact between the two. Yet apart from some underlying differences, there are many similarities between the two cultures as is highlighted when examining the Analects and The Book of the Dead. On the surface, the social behavior and values emphasized in the Analects and The Book of the Dead resemble one another; however, upon closer examination it becomes apparent that the origin and purpose†¦show more content†¦Thus, the values conveyed in the Book of the Dead, for motivational purposes for a â€Å"good† afterlife, mirror the ones found in the Analects, as the common Chinese civilization also take to heart said values for the benefit of society overall an d to improve their current circumstances. Therefore, although there is a difference in origin and intention abiding by such values, it is hard to avoid the fact that the common values and social rules revolving around both civilizations’ societies closely resemble one another. Though the messages revealed in the two historical texts are similar, how the same objective is delivered differs, which in turn also affects the people’s lifestyle. The Book of the Dead provides of list of actions that must and must not be done, as it serves as a checklist of things the Egyptians must do before death such as, â€Å"I have not caused pain, I have cause no man to hunger, I have made no one weep..† (p.1). The Analects instead provides words of wisdom and guidance for the people when making the decision like, â€Å"What you do not want done to yourself, do not to do others† (p.1). This empowers the people to make the decision and to find what it right and wrong. Anothe r factor that further emphasis the difference in what motivates the people to conduct good behavior is education. Confucianism seeks to emphasize the importance of education and provide the genesis of the concept of morality. In other words, the priority and heavyShow MoreRelatedComparison between the Great Wall and Egyptian Pyramids1749 Words   |  7 Pagesremained intact-the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which is also the oldest of the ancient wonders. On the west bank of the Nile River, there are three pyramid erected on a rocky plateau in Giza in the northern part of Egypt. These pyramids were named after these kings-Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure-agree with the kings names, and one of the most famous pyramids is the pyramid of Khufu, also known as the Great Pyramid, because it is the largest of the three. The Great Pyramid was built for Khufu,Read MoreEssay about Egyptian Pyramids Architecture1270 Words   |  6 Pages CONTENTS: - INTRODUCTION - BACKGROUND OF ANCIENT EGYPT PYRAMIDS - THE STEP PYRAMID of Pharaoh Djoser - THE GREAT PYRAMID of Pharaoh Khufu - CONCLUSION - BIBLIOGRAPHY FOOTNOTES This essay focuses on two different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos. The architectureRead MoreThe Architecture of Ancient Egypt: The Great Pyramid Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagestwo different types of pyramids; the Step pyramid which was the first pyramid and the Great pyramid, which was the largest pyramid built in Egypt. The essay investigates the meaning of the selected forms for the Egyptian culture and explains their dialog with the cosmos. The architecture of ancient Egypt is one of the most significant civilizations throughout history, which developed of different structures and great architectural monuments along the River Nile. The pyramids were built as a tombRead More Tombs And Temples Essay1401 Words   |  6 Pagesof architecture in Egypt from ancient times. Many have been discovered, but there are still ones being discovered and excavated today. Pyramids, tombs, and temples are the main structures still standing that can be seen today. The first tombs of the pharaohs were large, unimpressive, bunker affairs called mastabas. A mastaba (Arabic for quot;benchquot;) is a low rectangular structure which was built over a shaft which descended to the burial location. They were made from sun dried mud bricks andRead MoreEssay about Ur and Djoser709 Words   |  3 PagesZiggurat of Ur and Stepped Pyramid of Djoser: A Comparison Joseph Katz Art History 100-26 Dr. Karl F. Schuler 10/6/11 Title: Ziggurat of Ur Period: Neo-Sumerian Provenance: Ur, Iraq Date: 2150 BC The â€Å"Ziggurat of Ur† was built in 2150 BC by the Gutians. First, let’s discuss what exactly a ziggurat is. A ziggurat is a superstructure built on top and around a mountain. On the very top was a temple. Ziggurats were made out of only mud brick. One may ask, why use mud brick? Compared toRead MoreThe Mayan Civilization : An Advanced Society, Rich And Full Extraordinary Architecture1597 Words   |  7 Pagesout of primarily limestone that still remains standing a thousand years after their civilization. Greatness and Magnificence was the signature of all Mayan cities, from their inception period and continued until the desertion of all the city states by the beginning of the ninth century. The Mayans built pyramids, temples, palaces, walls, residences and more. The limestone structures, faced with lime stucco, were the trademark of ancient Mayan architecture. Mayan buildings were often ornamented withRead MoreEssay Classic Mayan Architecture1687 Words   |  7 Pagesrediscovered until the early 1500’s, by Spanish settlers. Mayan architecture astounded the early conquistadors, and continues to be of great interest to modern archeologists as well. These scientists have labeled a certain period of Mayan architectural history as the â€Å"Classic† period. This refers to a period when the Mayan civilization flourished, and extended from 300 to roughly 900 A.D (Miller 52). Because of our image of classical antiquity, the word â€Å"Classic† implies the heights of cultured accomplishmentRead MoreThe Cryptic Secrets Of Egyptian Pyramids1719 Words   |  7 PagesEgyptian Pyramids The pyramid-shaped masonry architectures are called Pyramids, and there are eighty of them known as ancient Egyptian Pyramids. The Egyptian Pyramids are the products of a slavery country, but they are also the great accomplishments of ancient people. Since the first discovery of the Egyptian Pyramids, many scientists have been dedicated in ancient Egypt study. After years of researching on the earliest Egyptian Pyramid, Pyramid of Djoser, and the most famous Egyptian Pyramid, PyramidRead MoreThe Old Kingdom : A Time Of Political And Social Stability969 Words   |  4 Pagesdied, The Great Pyramids were designed to soar to heaven. It was built in the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom at Giza on the west bank of the Nile. â€Å"There were three pyramids were built by the pharaohs CHEOPS, ca. 2530 B.C.E.; CHEFREN, ca. 2500 B.C.E.; and MYCERINUS, ca. 2470 B.C.E.† Inscribed on the wall of later pyramids are descriptions of kings climbing the sides of the pyramids to join the sun god Ra, and the triangular shape may itself symbolize the falling rays of the sun. The Great PyramidsRead MoreKhufu And Mayan Architecture : The Great Pyramid Of Giza1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Pyramid of Giza was built for the Pharaoh Khufu who ruled Egypt from about 2547-2524 B.C. The pyramid was to be Khufu’s and his descendents tomb. Khufu’s brother, Hemienu, supervised the building of â€Å"all construction projects of the king†. Hemienu’s tomb is one of the largest in a cemetery right next to the pyramid. The Great Pyramid was built with about two million stone blocks that weighed an average of 2.5 tons. The Great Pyramid stood 481 feet tall and was the tallest structure

Born Thomas Wright Waller On The Era Of The 20th Century

Born Thomas Wright Waller on May 21, 1904, in New York City, Fats Waller would later emerge as one of the most prolific artists of the 20th century with an illustrious career in which he was recognized for his accomplishments as a Jazz pianist, organist, composer, singer, actor, and comedian. Waller’s parents were Adeline Waller and Reverend Edward Waller, a Baptist preacher who conducted religious services and resided in Harlem. However, Waller’s musical roots in his family can be found through his grandfather, who was an extremely accomplished violinist, and his mother, who was a church organist. As one might expect, Waller was extremely interested in instruments at a young age; he was so interested that he learned to play the piano at the age of 6. Additionally, he became proficient in playing the organ and acquired basic musical knowledge through the aid of his mother by the age of 10. Yet, Waller was not just limited to piano and organ in his childhood; he develope d skills in also the string bass and violin in only a few short years. By 10 years old, Waller was playing regularly at his father’s church and even had the notable feat of playing the organ at Lincoln Theater in Harlem. Waller was so entrenched in music that he, against the wishing of his father, dropped out of school and became a full-time organist at the Lincoln Theatre in Harlem.Waller’s achievements continued to grow and in 1918, at the age of 14, he won a talent contest that confirmed his eminence was noShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAffect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii viii CONTENTS 2 2 The Individual Diversity in Organizations 39 Diversity 40 Demographic Characteristics of the U.S. Workforce 41 †¢ Levels of Diversity 42 †¢ Discrimination 42 Biographical Characteristics

Ethical Use Of The Computers And Networks In Any Organisation

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Use Of The Computers And Networks In Any Organisation. Answer: Introduction to Ethical Issues Computers and Networks New set of ethical issues are emerging with the growing of computer and network technologies. These issues must be settled down in computer and internet technology to have a positive impact in society. Communication, privacy, and cyber crimes are set of ethical issues that torment the individuals who use internet on daily basis. By knowing the issues in computer utilization, it can be resolved earlier. Today, computer ethical issues are a major concern to be looked for in the field of privacy and maintaining the confidentiality of ones information. Much of the IT professionals have approach to the confidential information and learning about the people and organisation systems and framework that give them a lot of admin powers. Those powers can be misused intentionally or unintentionally. Numerous IT professionals perform their skills and actions in with a hackers viewpoint. Truth be told, they dont understand that their employments involve ethical issues. [1] Ethical issues involve mainly privacy. For example: Can it be okay that network admin can read the private email of their employees to guarantee that delicate organisation data isnt unveiled? Can it be okay to scrutinize the web pages visited by system clients? Is it imprudent to not to check such internet use, to maintain a good environment? Is it OK to put key lumberjacks on machines on the system to catch everything the client sorts? Identifying the Ethical Issues New PC technologies for collecting, controlling and conveying data are upsetting the utilization and spread of data. En route, they are likewise making ethical issues. The accompanying issues are cases of security issues which an association may need to manage: Responsible ethical decisions. Secrecy and privacy. Identity theft. Deception and misuse. Risk and liabilities. Licence and Copyright laws. Trading secret information. Open and closed source. Analysis of Ethical Issues Responsible decision making: It enables the companies to promote the ethical issues and code of conduct that can be visible to their employees. It acknowledges their employees to act sincerely and obey with the law. Choosing an effective and ethical decision is a way of eliminating unethical behaviour and avoiding conflicts. Ethical decisions likewise affect on the organization to make things correct regardless of the cost.[2] Secrecy and Privacy: Large range of data related individual is collected everyday in places like in hospitals, home services, licensing of things etc. and they are stored in computerized form. This data holds critical information like credit card details, addresses, and personal details of individuals. These data can symbolically used to deceive the customers. If physically or remotely an unauthorised person is accessing your computer and network it means violation or password changing can be done. [3] Identity theft: It is considered as a protection break, unapproved access to, or exposure of, individual data. Probably the theft happens when their data is stolen or erroneously shared. Piracy of brand names is also a kind of identity theft. In this, the person creates same ditto copy of the original brands and deceives people buying it. Deception and Misuse: In this, PC can make a domain in which unapproved things can happen. There are numerous violations in this category like robbery, blackmail, misrepresentation etc. This domain incorporates the presentation of fake records into PC framework, robbery of administrations, financial instruments and other profitable data. Risk and liabilities: Liability is the warranty of the product quality to the purchaser and it is the premise of the deal. Guarantee and certifications made by the seller to the client about the quality of the product can be delegated as an express guarantee. All deals ought to be in composing. These are guarantee given naturally in each deal. This will protect the quality of product going to the buyer and is fit for purposes for which comparable merchandise are utilized. Licence and Copyright law: Licence or patent can secure the part of an idea. It is hard to get the patent as compared to copyrights. With programming, finish exposure is required for the programmer to build the program. [4] Copyrights give a huge lawful tool to build the program both before and after security threats. This can manage the misrepresentation and misappropriation of data, PC projects. Therefore, familiarity with copyright law is an important for the specialist to build products. Trade secret: It secures something of significant worth and helpfulness. It secures special and mystery parts of ideas, known just to their pioneers. Prized formula or trade secret is critical in computer and network field, where a slight leak of information can give a huge focussed advantage to the opponents. Vandalize: The PC can be the assault of wrongdoings, for example, the unapproved using computers, changing the passwords without owners consent, information record harm, short circuit the PC or bombed. [5] Open and closed source: There are numerous software products available in the market. They can be divided into open and closed sources. Open source products are easily available to user and they can be downloaded free of cost. Closed source software products provide more security. It is difficult for the hackers to attack into closed source products. But they can check the vulnerabilities through open source products and can harm the closed source products. These ethical issues look easy to sense but they are difficult to handle. Evaluation and Justification of Ethical Issues Computers and Networks are viewed as a standout amongst the most basic innovative advances and have turned into a regular apparatus. Numerous organisations have turned out to be intensely subject to PC, Internet and information frameworks for instructive reason. They are the way of communicating among individual and organisations. In the meantime, they raise moral issues like unapproved access, identity theft and data security. To overcome the issues the proper use of concerned PC is done. Things are validated and embedded with proper security to avoid the unethical challenges. The way toward assessing an estimation instrument for unwavering quality and researching the factor structure are examined utilizing the size of moral PC mindfulness. SAS techniques examine the PC in better way to maintain the inner consistency that is dependability of factor instrument. The examination with ECA codes inquire about the variety of ethical issues later on. [6] Conclusion In a growing world of computer technology, the objectives of ethical use of computer and network are to guarantee the protection and wellbeing of PC clients, to empower customers of any organisation to utilize computer in right direction and to guarantee work done by somebody isn't pronounced by another person. A focus should be on connecting with PC experts and joining their groups can help us to dispose to computers. An emphasis on data framework failure and research on them could give an idea about computer ethics. To ensure the ethical use of computers, computer ethics subjects should be included in the curriculum activities of students as it will provide them an introduction to computer and its network. It will enhance the capability of nation leading to a decent nation. To accomplish this everyone should respect the privacy of others and utilization of products should not affect others and end-user should be willing to pay for closed source and contribute for sharewares. If use r comes across any disparities he should inform legal authorities about the issue. Terms and conditions of the organisation should be followed to guarantee the proper use of their products. Genuineness and integrity can endeavour to morals. Subsequently, we should take after all the approaches to enhance our morals keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish all of the destinations as this issue truly essential in our day by day life which are to ensure our protection, keep up our security and to respect others. However, people are encouraged to follow the ethical use of computers while taking precaution against the unethical ones. To wrap things up, PC morals are imperative for us to live serenely and in peace thus we should do our part as PC clients, comply with all the PC morals. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_ethics [Accessed 28 september 2017]. Shinder, D. (2005). Ethical issues for IT security professionals. [Online] Available at:https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-professionals.html [Accessed 28 september 2017]. Sinkey, L. (1995). Ethical use of computers and networks. [Online] Available at:https://www.ucalgary.ca/InfoServe/Vol2.4/03_Ethical.html [Accessed 28 september 2017]. Anonymous, (2016). Making Ethical Decisions: Process. [Online] Available at:https://blink.ucsd.edu/finance/accountability/ethics/process.html [Accessed 28 september 2017]. Anonymous, (2017). Ethical Issues. [Online] Available at:https://niatec.info/ViewPage.aspx?id=153 [Accessed 28 september 2017]. Kant, R. (2015). Computer and Internet Ethics. [Online] Available at:https://www.cyberblogindia.in/computer-and-internet-ethics/ [Accessed 28 september 2017].

The Differences Between the Tragedy of Julius Caesar free essay sample

The differences between the tragedy of Julius Caesar from the book and the movie. In the story of â€Å"the tragedy of Julius Caesar† There are a few differences between the movie and the book. Sometimes throughout the movie they will cut parts of the text because people wouldn’t want to see a movie if it’s too long, but sometimes the editors would cut out very important parts of the text, which can change the entire story, or how we look at a character personalities. There are a few examples where the movie changes parts of the texts. For example, in the movie we see Cassius waiting and hearing the conversation that Casca had with someone else, and then Cassius just comes out and pretends he had just arrived, and he acted like he didn’t know Casca was there but he actually did know. This changes of how we think about Cassius. We will write a custom essay sample on The Differences Between the Tragedy of Julius Caesar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Is less trustworthy then we will think he is in the book, because in the book the text doesn’t say that Cassius was there until he talked. For another example in the beginning of the book everyone was celebrating Caesar’s return home, and Flavius one of the senators tells the huge crowed to leave before him and Marbullus were about to have a private conversation. In the movie Flavius just goes up to Marbullus like he doesn’t care about the crowed that surrounded him, and that makes him look more private in the book then it is in the movie. Last example is showing that Cassius is different in the movie then in the book. In the book he talks about how heroic he was for saving Caesar’s life (he saved him from drowning), but in the movie it skips all of that and he just complains about how Cesar is a â€Å"God† and how he saved him. These three examples can just give you (the reader) and idea of how the slightest changes from the book and the movie could change the entire story, or makes different Characters personalities and traits look different to us in so many ways.

Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century

Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century Introduction Cut off from the rest of the globe, with practically no knowledge of their neighborhoods, the goals of most individuals are to spread out their territories ultimately forming an empire and then eventually, overcoming the world. Traditionally, man has always tried to exert influence on fellow men and ever since in the early days the world was ruled through empires and kingdoms which had kings, queens, and emperors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These kingdoms had great contribution to the present system of ruling as they provided the foundation of how countries or subjects are governed. Among the positive contributions that the early empires made are associated with civilization and other great discoveries. For example, the Roman Empire is associated with the engineering and the invention of cement while the Greeks are associa ted with democracy, civilization, philosophy, and mathematics. Discuss the Problem of Empire in the Ancient World The main problems that faced the earliest empires were how governance[1], avoiding invasions by other stronger and emerging kingdoms. These problems existed due to the fact that rival empires were growing and expanding and risks of traitors within the kingdom were high as well as attacks from rival empires. To rule successfully, the emperors had to cultivate loyalty from their subjects to ensure his citizens could guard and protect the empire. This called for the emperors to employ different strategies on how to ensure that their subjects maintained loyalty at the same time remaining united for the sake of recognition and the power of the empire. Opposition and internal revolts within the empire was another problem that the early empires faced this made some of the rulers become to harsh to their subjects in order to ensure loyalty was observed. How Did the First Empires Come About? The first empires are said to have come as a result of civilization, democracy and rule of law. The strong and the influential people in the society became the rulers by associating with people who believed in their views thus creating a following. They ruled these empires through political and social organizations. Another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires was the invention of gunpowder. Kingdoms attacked and captured rival and empires at will making them part of their own. For example the Ottoman Empire emerged in 1350as a result of use of gun powder and by the early 1500 through the use of artillery, the ottomans had expanded even to Iraq. Trade was another factor that led to the emergence of the early empires. It is worthy noting that some of the early empires were established within trade routes. Trade centers were established and with time these trade centers became empires.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can h elp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What were the strengths and weaknesses of the universal empires of Assyria and Persia? Assyrian Empire Strengths The major strength of the Assyrian empire has always been attributed to its effective and organized army. They are widely regarded as the first organized and well trained armies in the world history. The army used superior weapons and was also well disciplined. They also had the capability of using different kinds of military tactics which led to the emergence of the empire army as one of the strongest at that time. Weaknesses One of the major weaknesses that led to the collapse of the empire was the failure by the kingdom to solve the Babylonian problem by ending the continuing conflicts. These conflicts weakened the kingdom to the extent that Babylonians who had been seen as a weak empire were able to conquer Egypt out of the Assyrians hands. Another factor that could have led to the weakness of the A ssyrians was the fact that their rulers were cruel and harsh to their own subjects and this contributed to growing discontentment among the Assyrians. Persian Empire Strengths While the Assyrians were known to be cruel and harsh, the Persians were known to institute a rule that was relatively less incriminating and demanding. Thus, their success in ruling the western Asia and ruling them for a period of two centuries was not only due to their outstanding military qualities and man power resources but also due to how they ruled their subjects. The requirement that all the Persians serve in the army under a form of universal conscription made the Persian army such strong by providing the required manpower in case of war with the other empires. The Persian Empire was also the largest by geographical content but despite this the empire was centralized and thus chances of divisions were very low. The king was a very important person in keeping the empire together and despite some of the revolts which were experienced, the empire was never threatened. The rivalry between the rulers under the king also ensured the kingdom succeeded as it was difficult for any conspiracy development against the central authority among them. Weaknesses The stagnation of the Persian army in making technology advancement led to its fall to the Greco-Macedonian army. The death of Alexandria was another source of the empire kingdom. Since after his death the army commanders began dividing the kingdom and thus reliance on manpower could not be relied on during the warsAdvertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western Experience to the Eighteenth Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How did the Greeks Fail at Empire yet Succeed at Civilization? The failure of the Greeks at the empire level was mainly due to the conflict among its groups. These groups never cooperated even during the times of conflict and this was a major weakness to the empire. For example the conflict between the Spartans and the Athens was one of the signs that the Greek empire was on the verge of collapsing. When the Spartans conquered the Athens and started placing their rules on them it resulted in revolts against the Spartans dominance by both the Athens and the Thebes. These conflicts led to the weakening of the kingdom and for example by the end of the conflict between the Spartans and the Athens, there was no group that was strong enough to unite the other members of the empire. Driven by traditional separatism and the desire for own independence, uniting the Greek states was quite a problem. The enmity which existed could not allow the states to help one another and thus rather than uniting in the verge of a disaster some remained neutral while others hoped for the punishment and destruction of rival groups within the empire leading to the failure of the kingdom[2]. However, the cultures of Greeks evolved to create the most glorio us civilization of the ancient world. The kingdom led in art, philosophy, political culture and science. The phase commonly known as the archaic period saw the advancements in political supposition and the beginning of egalitarianism as well as art and culture. After the fall of Mycenaean civilization, the Greeks formed small tribes of which some were agricultural and others were nomadic. In their bid to succeed and outdo the other groups, these agricultural and nomadic groups developed technologies which increased their productivity and thus the advancements in civilization. These ethnic groups made one of the supreme Greece (political) accomplishments. The Greek tribes came together and developed strong city states with each state establishing its own culture and political structure and thus while it was hard for them to adopt the culture or the political structure of the other state, they succeeded highly at civilization How Did The Roman Empire Arise Out Of A Crisis, Create More Crises, And Yet Survive Several Crises? The crisis The kingdom slipped into anarchy after the assassination of Commodus whose death brought about civil war within the empire. As if that was not enough, his successor was also murdered and the office put on auction by the body guard leading to various people buying the office but none succeeding at ruling the empire and this led to succession battles. The rulers who followed tried to increase the emperor’s authority and preserve the unity within the empire and this resulted to an army monarch where state intervention was carried out with ruthless severity. The people charged with law enforcement became selfish and those who opposed the system were physically harassed bringing about widened uprisings within the realm.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cities which were now centers of civil and military administration became parasitic in a way and their contribution to the economy was just the consumption of farm produce. The end users were, nearly without exemption, either armed forces barracks or local majestic (civil) servants. The state was required to drive the economy but no one was willing or cared about the situation. Thus, as the state broke down so did the Roman economy come to a stop and collapsed. The slaves who used to flood the kingdom were nowhere to be seen and thus the availability of the cheap labor was no longer a guarantee. By the start of the 3rd century, depopulation and disturbance caused by attacks, epidemics, and general turn downs in fertility had resulted in a demographic disintegration. This exposed how the kingdom was ineffective and profligate through its (Latifundia) system. The previous access to labor at no cost had hampered technological advancements in the agriculture sector and with the nona ppearance of slaves, the deficiency in manpower led to curtailed productivity in the empire. The currency devaluation along with increased supply of the valuable metals brought about (rapid) inflation also increasing the cost of basic commodities within the empire. As the political and military organization of the kingdom collapsed, people localized and the empire became of less importance to its citizens. The Revival of the Empire The revival of the empire was brought about when the stability was restored; the army was reorganized by building huge reserves for their support, their source of food and income was guaranteed. After the demise of Severus Alexander, the ruler powers were fundamentally cut due to the suspicions and fears that if too much power was given to the emperors the kingdom could ride back to anarchy as earlier experienced. The roman citizens did not see the royal leaders as gods as they had been seen before and too much power was yielded to the citizens rather tha n on the rulers. This new emerging empire at the beginning of the 4th century was not similar to that of the past. Particularly in the western side of the empire, what previously could have been described as the Roman civilization underwent huge changes the empire was now characterized by strong presence of army in every place. While in the past the army was concentrated along the borders with the cities and interior having none of their presence, they were now felt everywhere. After Diocletian, the old cities were made more secure by surrounding them with huge walls often from the old debris of the old houses and other structures which had been demolished. Coloni and Serfs took the slaves position in a bid to arrest manpower shortage. Though they (serfs and coloni) had freedom, they two groups were supposed to remain in these estates as they were tied by to pay rents and taxes. What caused the ultimate failure of the western portion of the Roman Empire, and what were its consequenc es? Imperial expansion increased the power of military commanders and to them; they viewed this as an opportunity to seize political power from the civil authorities. In return, this resulted in the rulers accumulating enormous wealth brought about through corruption. Aristocracy was also diverted from civic duties and social duties towards pursuit of wealth and sensual gratification. Growth of slavery propelled by the large number of war captives served in the enlarging farm and estates. The rich grabbed the land which belonged to the poor peasants and this brought about resentment within the kingdom and it made the peasants become mercenaries since they has nothing to do. There was also the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the empire neglect of its military and civic duties provided opportunities for ambitious army generals to enlist for support from fellow soldiers and the discontented masses and this was translated to a cycle of factionalism and civic strife which led to military dictatorships. At its last stage the western empire found had become impoverished, depopulated, and stripped off its territories by the encompassing barbarians whose military skills and dynamism were superior to Romans artillery. We can summarize that the fall of the Roman Empire took a few centuries due to the slow disappearance of liberty and the decline of private and public confidence on the kingdom. The civil wars that brought the kingdom down were as a result of the lost confidence. â€Å"At the same time, the disappearance of liberty further accelerated the decline of virtue itself. Without the risks, responsibilities, and challenges of freedom, public and private virtue gradually withered, facilitating the Empires general decline†[3]. The empires centralization policy and the uniformity impositions which were later followed by elimination of mediating structures between the civilians and the authority also brought the kingdom to a further decline. The gro wing appetite of the government for revenues also led to the decline of the kingdom. The various taxes which existed and included levies on land and personal income were another major factor due to the simple fact that the hardest affected were the ordinary and most productive citizens. Eventually, the taxes became so high that in most parts of the empire the farmers abandoned their lands and refused to till them so as to avoid the ever increasing taxes, as the taxes increased so was the bureaucracy level. This led to low populations as most of the empire citizens avoided giving birth leading even to the emperor allowing the gothic to stay permanently in the kingdom due to the dwindling population. Christianity also led to the decline of the Roman Empire[4]. The Christian teachings contrasted against the Roman society pillars. Since the reason of fighting anymore was not there, they already had a defined end; the question was just when the end would come. Conclusion From the above s tudy, we can conclude that the end of the early empires was brought about by many factors depending with the situations. For example, the Roman Empire collapsed as a result of bad govern-ship while others collapsed due to internal conflicts whereas the Persian Empire started weakening after the death of Alexandria. Some say history can repeat itself and thus it is advisable to learn from these empires how they rose and collapsed. Bibliography of notes How to rule their subjects successfully containing any internal revolt that may lead to the destabilization of the empire Marko, Marelich. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Web. Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p.104). Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p. 104). Bibliography Gibbons. Edward. The history of the Decline a nd fall of the Roman Empire. New York: The Modern Library, 2003. Marelich, Marko. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Web. Footnotes How to rule their subjects successfully containing any internal revolt that may lead to the destabilization of the empire Marko. Marelich. â€Å"Ancient Greek Civilization in the Fifth Century.† San Francisco, California-USA, 2006. Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p.104). Edward, Gibbons. The history of the Decline and fall of the Roman Empire. (New York: The Modern Library, 2003 p. 104).

Free Essays on Causes of Alcoholism

Causes of alcoholism. Scientists do not yet fully understand what causes alcoholism. Although many people use alcohol at times, only a small percentage develop drinking problems. Researchers are beginning to identify ways that the brains of alcoholics differ from the brains of nonalcoholics. For example, tests show that alcoholics and nonalcoholics have different patterns of brain electrical activity. Such differences may provide evidence that alcohol does not affect the brains of alcoholics in the same way it affects nonalcoholics. Because of the way their brains respond, problem drinkers may develop an unusually strong desire for alcohol's effects. Research shows that heredity plays an important role in alcoholism. For example, the pattern of brain electrical activity associated with alcoholism appears to be inherited. Other studies show that people with an alcoholic parent have a greater risk of developing the disease than do children of nonalcoholics. Scientists are working to identify the particular genes (chemical units of heredity) that increase risk. Most experts think that many genes are involved and that environment also plays a key role in developing the disease. Environmental influences may include income level, family stability, and community acceptance of drinking. Experts think that the relative importance of various genes and environmental factors may differ among individuals.... Free Essays on Causes of Alcoholism Free Essays on Causes of Alcoholism Causes of alcoholism. Scientists do not yet fully understand what causes alcoholism. Although many people use alcohol at times, only a small percentage develop drinking problems. Researchers are beginning to identify ways that the brains of alcoholics differ from the brains of nonalcoholics. For example, tests show that alcoholics and nonalcoholics have different patterns of brain electrical activity. Such differences may provide evidence that alcohol does not affect the brains of alcoholics in the same way it affects nonalcoholics. Because of the way their brains respond, problem drinkers may develop an unusually strong desire for alcohol's effects. Research shows that heredity plays an important role in alcoholism. For example, the pattern of brain electrical activity associated with alcoholism appears to be inherited. Other studies show that people with an alcoholic parent have a greater risk of developing the disease than do children of nonalcoholics. Scientists are working to identify the particular genes (chemical units of heredity) that increase risk. Most experts think that many genes are involved and that environment also plays a key role in developing the disease. Environmental influences may include income level, family stability, and community acceptance of drinking. Experts think that the relative importance of various genes and environmental factors may differ among individuals....

Cross culture management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Cross culture management - Essay Example To cater for the supply in Europe, Africa, and Middle East, Nokia had established plants in Finland, Hungary and Germany. Nokia’s plant in UK produced Vertu. Nokia had mostly located its plants in low cost countries like Mexico, China and India in order to maximize profitability. Nevertheless, a vast majority of workers belonged to Western European countries like Germany and Finland. Despite that, the labor costs in countries like Germany were less than 5 per cent the product cost. Nokia had sales and marketing unit and a devices R & D team in Germany in addition to the production plant. Thus, globalization has encouraged Nokia to move its business totally to the CEE countries where it has to pay simpler and lesser taxes and increase profitability by paying low labor and non-wage labor costs. Ans. 2 Nokia’s plant in Germany accounted for no more than 6 per cent of Nokia’s global supply while the personnel costs matched 23 per cent. The high labor and non-wage lab or costs in Germany were not conducive for the desired profitability of production. Thus, Nokia decided to abolish its plant in Germany. Germany’s backlash upon Nokia was partly justified because of four underlying reasons: 1. Nokia was not going in loss in Bochum. It was making profit that was only increasing year by year. 2.